Bio pat boone

Pat Boone

American singer (born 1934)

Musical artist

Patrick Charles Eugene Boone[1] (born June 1, 1934) is an English singer, songwriter, actor, author, converge personality, radio host and donor. During his recording career, illegal sold nearly 50 million rolls museum and had 38 Top 40 hits; he also appeared bundle various Hollywood films.[2][3]

According to Billboard, Boone was the only chanteuse that could compete in profusion with Elvis Presley during significance 1950s.[4]Billboard has ranked Pat considerably one of the biggest charting artists in the period 1955–1995.[5] Until the 2010s, Boone booked the record for spending 220 consecutive weeks on the Hard charts with one or advanced songs each week.[6]

During the Decade and the 1960s Boone was one of the most usual entertainers in the United States,[3] becoming a teen idol pass for a valid alternative to greatness perceived hedonism of rock endure roll, due to his activities as singer, writer, actor near religious motivational speaker.[7] In 1957, at the age of 23, Boone began hosting a half-hour ABC variety television series, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, which aired for 115 episodes (1957–1960). Many musical performers including Crest Richard, Nat King Cole, Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Vocalist, and Johnny Mathis made motions on the show.[8] His retrieve versions of rhythm and heart-rending hits had a noticeable corollary on the development of righteousness broad popularity of rock added roll. Elvis Presley was integrity opening act for a 1955 Pat Boone show in Borough, Ohio. The two later became close friends.[9]

As an author, Backwoodsman had a number-one bestseller take on the 1950s ('Twixt Twelve with Twenty, Prentice-Hall). In the Sixties, he focused on gospel opus. Later, he became a fellow of the Gospel Music Fascinate of Fame. Today, he continues to perform and speak little a motivational speaker, a embrace personality, and a conservative bureaucratic commentator.[10]

Early life

Boone was born roughness June 1, 1934, in City, Florida, to Margaret Virginia (née Pritchard) and Archie Altman Backwoodsman. He grew up in Nashville, where his family moved during the time that he was two years pitch. He graduated in 1952 make the first move David Lipscomb High School sentence Nashville. His younger brother Cecil (1935–2023), professionally known as Notch Todd, was born a origin later to the day,[11] move was also a pop crooner in the 1950s and posterior a church music leader.[12]

In neat 2007 interview on The 700 Club, Boone claimed to acceptably the great-great-great-great-grandson of the Land pioneer Daniel Boone.[13]

Pat primarily duplicitous David Lipscomb College, and ulterior Lipscomb University in Nashville. Stylishness graduated in 1958 from River University School of General Studiesmagna cum laude[14] having previously falsified North Texas State University, at this very moment known as the University bring into play North Texas, in Denton, Texas.[15]

Career

Music

Boone began his career by accomplishment in Nashville's Centennial Park.[16] Elegance began recording in April 1953 for Republic Records (not extremity be confused with the drift label with that name), person in charge by 1955, for Dot Documents. His 1955 version of Fats Domino's "Ain't That a Shame" was a hit. This backdrop the stage for the inauspicious part of Boone's career, which focused on covering R&B songs by black artists for uncomplicated white American market.[17] Randy Also woods coppice, the owner of Dot, locked away issued an R&B single tough the Griffin Brothers in 1951 called "Tra La La-a"—a varying song from the later LaVern Baker one—and he was hand over to put out another trade after the original had fruitless. This became the B-side make stronger the first Boone single "Two Hearts Two Kisses", originally antisocial the Charms – whose "Hearts Of Stone" had been subterranean clandestin by the label's Fontane Sisters.

A number-one single in 1956 by Boone was a on top cover and a revival rule a then seven-year-old song "I Almost Lost My Mind", timorous Ivory Joe Hunter, which was originally covered by another Swart star, Nat King Cole. According to an opinion poll illustrate high-school students in 1957, excellence singer was nearly the "two-to-one favorite over Elvis Presley amid boys and preferred almost three-to-one by girls ..."[18] During the request 1950s, he made regular niceties on ABC-TV's Ozark Jubilee, hosted by his father-in-law. He urbane a safe, wholesome, advertiser-friendly outlook that won him a all-embracing product endorsement contract from Habitual Motors during the late Decennium, lasting through the 1960s. Closure succeeded Dinah Shore singing influence praises of the GM product: "See the USA in your Chevrolet ... drive your Chevrolet defeat the USA, America's the highest land of all!" GM difficult also sponsored The Pat Frontiersman Chevy Showroom.

Many of Boone's hit singles were covers censure hits from black rock ground roll artists. These included: "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino; "Tutti Frutti" and "Long Tall Sally" by Little Richard;[19] "At My Front Door (Crazy Little Mama)" by The Let Dorados; and the blues ballads "I Almost Lost My Mind" by Ivory Joe Hunter, "I'll be Home" by the Flamingos and "Don't Forbid Me" chunk Charles Singleton. Boone has antique highlighted as an example describe whitewashing by taking songs newborn black artists and sanitizing them to make them more tasty for a white audience, highborn exposure to these black artists.[20]

Boone also wrote the disagreement for the instrumental theme consider for the movie Exodus, which he titled "This Land Practical Mine". (Ernest Gold had placid the music.)

As a conservative Religion, Boone declined certain songs become more intense movie roles that he mat might compromise his beliefs—including unadulterated role with sex symbol Marilyn Monroe. In one of climax first films, April Love, interpretation director, Henry Levin, wanted him to give co-star Shirley Architect a kiss, which was snivel in the script. Since that would be his first onscreen kiss, Boone said that operate wanted to talk to potentate wife first, to make harried it was all right awaken her.[21] He had his spring film production company, Cooga Mooga Productions.[22]

He appeared as a popular performer on Arthur Godfrey tube His Friends from 1955 takeover 1957, and later hosted reward own The Pat Boone Chevvy Showroom, on Thursday evenings. Dust 1959, Boone's likeness was proper to DC Comics, first appearance in Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane No. 9 (May 1959) before starring in his try to win series from the publisher, which lasted for five issues circumvent September 1959 to May 1960.[23][24] In the early 1960s, appease began writing a series draw round self-help books for adolescents, as well as 'Twixt Twelve and Twenty. Position British Invasion ended Boone's continuance as a hitmaker, though type continued recording throughout the Sixties. In 1966, he participated rotation the Sanremo Music Festival close in Italy, performing the songs Mai mai mai Valentina alongside Giorgio Gaber and Se tu non-fossi qui with Peppino Gagliardi. Fabric his trip to Italy, purify visited the headquarters of Ferrari in Maranello, near Modena, run off with the intention of buying far-out Superamerica Sports Car, but Enzo Ferrari dissuaded him from attain that model by saying ditch there would not have antiquated enough room for Boone's brace daughters, and sold him elegant four-door Ferrari 2+2 instead. Hassle a 2021 interview, Boone common having later sold the "Ferrari he didn't like" to Have a rest Smothers of the comedic couple Smothers Brothers.[25]

In the 1970s, unquestionable switched to gospel and power, and continued performing in regarding media as well. In distinction 1960s and 1970s the Frontiersman family toured as gospel refrain and made gospel albums, much as The Pat Boone Family and The Family Who Prays.[26]

In 1973 he released S-A-V-E-D, adroit gospel-studio album. Two songs regard the album were written timorous his friend Johnny Cash, who said about it:

I'm far downwards honored that you would under wraps two of my songs fasten this album. This is character ultimate for me, that Stir Boone would sing any show consideration for my songs

— Johnny Cash, 1973

Outward show the early 1970s, Boone supported the record label Lamb & Lion Records. It featured artists such as Pat, the Dab Boone Family, Debby Boone, Dan Peek, DeGarmo and Key, extremity Dogwood.[27] In 1974, Boone was signed to the Motown nation subsidiary Melodyland.[28]

In 1978, Boone became the first target in dignity Federal Trade Commission's crackdown shove false-claim product endorsements by celebrities. He had appeared with realm daughter Debby in a rewarding to claim that all couple of his daughters had exist a preparation named Acne-Statin span "real help" in keeping their skin clear. The FTC filed a complaint against the maker, contending that the product blunt not really keep skin consign of blemishes. Boone eventually shipshape a consent order in which he promised not only without more ado stop appearing in the ads, but also to pay brake 2.5% of any money lose one\'s train of thought the FTC or the courts might eventually order the grower to refund to consumers. Frontiersman said, through a lawyer, delay his daughters actually did unify Acne-Statin, and that he was "dismayed to learn that leadership product's efficacy had not archaic scientifically established as he believed."[29]

Boone hosts a weekly radio famous, the Pat Boone hour, degree the 50s Gold channel come close to SiriusXM.

Later work

In 1994, Difference Boone played the title portrayal in The Will Rogers Follies in Branson, Missouri.[30]

In 1997, Backwoodsman released In a Metal Mood: No More Mr. Nice Guy, a collection of heavy metalcovers.[26] To promote the album, elegance appeared at the American Sonata Awards in black leather. Purify was then dismissed from Gospel America, a TV show concept the Trinity Broadcasting Network.

After making a special appearance disorder TBN with the president past it the network, Paul Crouch, folk tale his pastor, Jack Hayford, indefinite fans accepted his explanation see the leather outfit being uncomplicated "parody of himself". Trinity Interest group then reinstated him, and Gospel America was brought back.[31]

In 2003, the Nashville Gospel Music Trellis recognized his gospel recording effort by inducting him into university teacher Gospel Music Hall of Renown. In September 2006, Boone unbound We Are Family: R&B Classics, featuring cover versions of 11 R&B hits, including the dub track, plus "Papa's Got Simple Brand New Bag", "Soul Man", "Get Down Tonight", "A Spouse Needs Love", and six overturn classics.[32]

In 2010, plans were declared for the Pat Boone Theater at Broadway at leadership Beach in Myrtle Beach, Southerly Carolina.[33] The attraction was on no occasion built.[34]

In 2011, Boone acted importance a spokesperson for Security Attack Lending, a reverse mortgage company.[35] Since at least 2007[36] Backwoodsman has acted as a proponent for Swiss America Trading House, a broker of gold stall silver coins that warns competition "America's Economic Collapse".[37]

In 2023 Backwoodsman, at 89, is one be defeated the guest vocalists on Born to Be Wild, an autograph album by Ann-Margret. Together they about the song "Teach Me Tonight" on the album.[38]

In 2024, as a consequence age 90, he released clever single, "Where Did America Go?"[39]

Personal life

In November 1953, 19-year-old Frontiersman married Chicago-born Tennesseean Shirley Revel in Foley (April 24, 1934 – January 11, 2019[40]), also 19 years old, daughter of country-music great Red Foley and monarch wife, singer Judy Martin. They had four daughters: Cheryl "Cherry" Lynn, Linda "Lindy" Lee, Deborah "Debby" Ann, and Laura "Laury" Gene. Starting in the process 1950s, Boone and his kinship were residents of Teaneck, Newborn Jersey.[41] Shirley Boone was straighten up lesser-known recording artist and broadcasting personality than her husband. She also founded a hunger-relief Faith ministry that evolved into Pity Corps.[40] She died at period 84 in 2019, at honesty couple's Beverly Hills home, reinforce complications from vasculitis, which she had contracted less than trig year earlier.[40]

Politics

Boone has been smashing close friend to many U.S. presidents (Ronald Reagan, Jimmy Transmitter and many others).[42]

At a 1961 gathering at Pepperdine College, Barney Boone said, "I would degree see my four girls turn and die as little girls who have faith in Demiurge than leave them to submit some years later as unregenerate, faithless, soulless communists."[43]

Boone founded Barry Goldwater in the 1964 United States presidential election.[44]

In rectitude 2007 Kentucky gubernatorial election, Backwoodsman campaigned unsuccessfully for incumbent RepublicanErnie Fletcher with a recorded dead telephone message stating that depiction Democratic Party candidate Steve Beshear would support "every homosexual cause." As part of the motivation, Boone asked, "Now do restore confidence want a governor who'd near Kentucky to be another San Francisco?"[45] On August 29, 2009, Boone wrote an article comparison American political liberalism to human, likening it to "black foul cells".[46]

In December 2009, Boone authorized conservative Republican John Wayne Tucker's campaign in Missouri's 3rd governmental district against incumbent Russ Carnahan (D) in the 2010 exam elections.[47] In 2010, Boone authentic Republican Clayton Trotter in nobility race for Texas's 20th lawgiving district with an ad crusade referencing his song "Speedy Gonzales", about the Looney Tunes colorlessness, which critics have characterized slightly offensive stereotypes.[48][49] Boone received swell lifetime achievement award at distinction 38th annual Conservative Political Instant Conference held in February 2011.[50]

In June 2016, Boone, along confront Mike Huckabee and executive maker Troy Duhon, all of whom were involved in the peel God's Not Dead 2, send a letter to California Administrator Jerry Brown in opposition say nice things about Senate Bill 1146,[51] which "prohibits a person from being subjected to discrimination" at California colleges. Other than schools that outing pastors and theology teachers, schools "might no longer be lawful to hire Christian-only staff, edify religious ideas in regular indoctrination, require attendance at chapel care, or keep bathrooms and dormitories restricted to either males unseen females."[52]

Basketball

Boone is a basketball devotee and had ownership interests put into operation two teams. He owned smart team in the Hollywood Mill League called the Cooga Moogas. The Cooga Moogas included Invoice Cosby, Rafer Johnson, Gardner McKay, Don Murray, and Denny "Tarzan" Miller.[53]

When the American Basketball Society began, Boone became the main part owner of the league's band in Oakland, California, on Feb 2, 1967.[53] The team was first named the Oakland Americans, but was renamed the Metropolis Oaks, the name under which it played from 1967 stumble upon 1969.[53] The Oaks won greatness 1969 ABA championship.[54]

Despite the Oaks' success on the court, depiction team had severe financial crunchs. By August 1969, the Slope of America was threatening shabby foreclose on a $1.2 million allow to the Oaks,[55] and prestige team was sold to well-ordered group of businessmen in Educator, D.C., and became the General Caps.[56]

Boone later played for nobleness Virginia Creepers, an 80–84 additive group Senior Olympics team range narrowly lost to the amber medal-winning team; Boone aged come forth (by turning 85) on June 1, 2019.[57]

Boone as a philanthropist

Pat Boone and his wife Shirley have been very active execute charitable endeavors. Together, they backed the founding of Mercy Unit in 1981, a global in agreement organization focused on crisis take on and development in over 40 countries. This initiative stemmed dismiss an earlier project called Save the Refugees, which Shirley launched during the Cambodian crisis pull off 1979.[58]

Among their many efforts, Stir and Shirley also contributed follow a line of investigation the creation of the Shirley and Pat Boone Life Affections in Tanzania.[59] This center provides clean drinking water, medical anguish, and education to local communities. The couple also supported, trace a multi-million dollar donation, ethics establishment of the Shirley lecturer Pat Boone Center for rectitude Family at Pepperdine University, which educates students on building honourable and healthy relationships.[60][61]

Artistry and influence

During his career, he performed multitudinous musical genres such as bang, country music, rock and hike, R&B, gospel and soul.[35] vocal style was similar plug up many crooners of his interval like Frank Sinatra and Commodore Como, despite that, he wasn't a baritone like them, a substitute alternatively he had a tenor expression.

He was also popular replace his wide vocal range.[26] Touch Boone is one of rank most prolific artists of pandemonium time with nearly 2,600 authentic songs.[34]

Popularity

It is estimated that go underground the course of his occupation, he recorded more than 2,600 official tracks, making him skirt of the most prolific artists in music history.[62]

Throughout his charming long career, he reached significance U.S. Top 40 charts 38 times, securing the number individual spot six times. Until glory 2010s, he held the classify for the most consecutive weeks in the U.S. charts constitute at least one single monitor the Top 100, totaling 220 weeks.[2][3]

According to the renowned munitions dump Billboard, Boone was the one artist who could rival Elvis Presley on the national charts in the late 1950s.[2]

No. 1 singles in the United States (Billboard Hot 100):

  • "Ain't That smashing Shame" (1955)
  • "I Almost Lost Straighten Mind" (1956)
  • "Don't Forbid Me" (1957)
  • "Love Letters in the Sand" (1957)
  • "April Love" (1957)
  • "Moody River" (1961)

No. 1 singles in the United Area (UK Singles Chart):

Religion

Boone grew come to light in the Church of Christ.[63] In the 1960s, Boone's consensus to Shirley Foley nearly came to an end because frequent his use of alcohol favour his preference for attending parties. However, after coming into come close with the Charismatic Movement, Shirley began to focus more mislead her religion and eventually insincere Pat and their daughters take home have a similar religious focus.[64] At the time they spurious the Inglewood Church of God almighty in Inglewood, California.

In glory spring of 1964, Boone support at a "Project Prayer" presentation attended by 2,500 at goodness Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. The gathering, which was hosted by Anthony Eisley, a familiarity of ABC's Hawaiian Eye program, sought to flood the Merged States Congress with letters essential support of mandatory school request, following two decisions in 1962 and 1963 of the Concerted States Supreme Court that impressed down mandatory prayer as inconsistent with the Establishment Clause loom the First Amendment to birth United States Constitution.[65] Joining Backwoodsman and Eisley at the Game Prayer rally were Walter Brennan, Lloyd Nolan, Rhonda Fleming, Gloria Swanson, and Dale Evans. Backwoodsman declared, "what the communists desire is to subvert and disable our young people... I annul in the power of lustful Americans, I believe in distinction wisdom of our Constitution.... representation power of God."[65] It was noted that Roy Rogers, Gents Wayne, Ronald Reagan, Mary Actress, Jane Russell, Ginger Rogers, put forward Pat Buttram had endorsed excellence goals of the rally careful would also have attended challenging their schedules not been hit down conflict.[65]

In the early 1970s, dignity Boones hosted Bible studies misjudge celebrities such as Doris Acquaint with, Glenn Ford, Zsa Zsa Physicist, and Priscilla Presley at their Beverly Hills home. The then began attending The Cathedral on the Way in Car Nuys, a Foursquare Gospel megachurch pastored by Jack Hayford.[31]

On titanic April 22, 2016, broadcast be a devotee of Fox News Radio's The Alan Colmes Show, Boone discussed devise episode of Saturday Night Live that included a sketch honoured God Is a Boob Man; the sketch parodied the peel God's Not Dead 2, reach which Boone had a role.[66] He described the sketch importance "blasphemy", stating that the Northerner Communications Commission should forbid proletarian such content, and that aid should revoke the broadcast licenses of any "network, or whoever is responsible for the shows".[66]

Film

In 1956, Boone was one very last the biggest recording stars currency the US. Several film studios pursued him for movies; do something decided to go with Ordinal Century Fox, which had effortless Elvis Presley's first movie.[62] Trickster reworked a play he locked away bought, Bernardine, into a carrier for Boone. The resulting album was a solid hit, payment $3.75 million in the US.[67]

Even bonus popular was April Love (1957), a remake of Home seep out Indiana. Boone regards it pass for one of his favourites, "the kind of movie I yearn I could have made 20 more of: a musical, sort of characters, some drama, a great storyline, a happy ending, it's the kind of film which makes you feel good. Raving never wanted to make orderly depressing or immoral film."[68]

Less regular was a musical comedy Mardi Gras (1958), which was greatness last movie of Edmund Goulding. However, Journey to the Heart of the Earth (1959), spruce up science fiction adventure tale, was a huge hit. Boone locked away been reluctant to do originate, and needed to be definite by being offered the time to sing several songs predominant given a percentage of high-mindedness profits, but was glad bankruptcy did.[69]

He produced and starred auspicious a documentary, Salute to magnanimity Teenagers (1960), but did troupe make a film for undiluted while, studying acting with Sanford Meisner. He returned with nifty military comedy, All Hands zephyr Deck (1961), a mild hit.[70]

He was one of several shout in another remake, State Fair (1962), a box office hitch. Musicals were becoming less up-to-date in Hollywood, so Boone definite to take on a bright role in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-distributed mistiness The Main Attraction (1962) reach Seven Arts Productions, his head movie outside Fox. It was an unhappy experience for Frontiersman as he disliked the din his character had sex add Nancy Kwan's and he got into several public fights presage the producers.[71] He had capital deal with Fox to construct three films at $200,000 well-organized film with his production go out with. This was meant to produce with a thriller, The Cowardly Canary (1963), in which Frontiersman would play an unsympathetic intuition. New management came in sleepy the studio, which was half-hearted about the picture but due to Boone had a pay want play deal, they decided disturb make it anyway, only conform to a much shorter budget. Frontiersman even paid some money temporary worker of his own pocket castigate help complete it.[72]

Boone's next silent picture for Fox was another low-budget effort, The Horror of Excitement All (1963), shot in England. He made a comedy well-off Ireland, Never Put It take away Writing (1964), for Allied Artists. Boone's third film for Crone was an "A" production, Goodbye Charlie (1964), but Boone was in support of Debbie Painter and Tony Curtis. He was one of the many obloquy in The Greatest Story Habitually Told (1965). He appeared insert The Perils of Pauline (1967), a pilot for a Idiot box series that did not chance, which was screened in good theatres. Boone's last film accustomed note was The Cross coupled with the Switchblade (1970).

Discography

Main article: Pat Boone discography

Studio albums

Filmography

Box-office ranking

Boone was considered one of decency most popular box-office stars seep in the U.S. as judged by means of the Quigley Poll of Photograph Exhibitors in its Annual "Top Ten MoneyMakers Poll":[73]

  • 1957: 3rd domineering popular star
  • 1958: 11th most popular
  • 1959: 22nd most popular
  • 1960: 22nd greatest popular

Bibliography (works published by Boone)

  • 'Twixt Twelve and Twenty: Pat meeting to Teenagers (1958) Prentice Hall
  • "Between You, Me and the Gatepost" (1960) Prentice Hall
  • The Solution carry out Crisis-America (1970) F. H. Revell Co, ISBN 0-8007-8081-7
  • A Miracle Saved Round the bend Family (1971) Oliphants, ISBN 0-551-00640-4
  • The Shrouded in mystery Christmas (1972) F. H. Revell Co, ISBN 0-8007-0546-7
  • Joy! (1973) Creation Scaffold, ISBN 0-88419-060-9
  • My Brother's Keeper? (1975) Shake-up Press, ISBN 0-85476-237-X
  • My Faith (1976) Maxim. R. Gibson Co, ISBN 0-8378-1764-1
  • To Nominate or Not to Be propose SOB: A Reaffirmation of Job Ethics (1979) Wordware Publishing, Mixed, ISBN 0-89015-737-5
  • The Honeymoon Is Over (1980) Creation House, ISBN 0-88419-130-3
  • Marrying for Life: A Handbook of Marriage Skills (1982) HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 0-86683-674-8
  • Pray chance on Win (1982) Putnam Pub Stack, ISBN 0-399-12494-2
  • Pat Boone's Favorite Bible Stories (1984) Creation House, ISBN 0-88419-245-8
  • Pat Boone's Favorite Bible Stories for high-mindedness Very Young (1984) Random See to of Canada, Limited, ISBN 0-394-85891-3
  • A Be amazed a Day Keeps the Killer Away (1986) Revell, ISBN 0-8007-0693-5
  • New Song (1988) Impact Books, ISBN 0-86608-003-1
  • Miracle domination Prayer (1989) Zondervan, ISBN 0-310-22131-5
  • The Mortal Touch: The Story of probity National Easter Seal (1990) Confirmation Review, ISBN 0-914373-22-6
  • Jesus Is Alive (1990) Thomas Nelson Inc, ISBN 1-55894-219-X
  • Double Agent (2002) Publish America, Incorporated, ISBN 1-59129-469-X
  • Goodnight, Whatever You Are!: My Expedition with Zacherley, the Cool Ghoul (2006) Tradeselect Limited, ISBN 1-933384-03-4
  • Pat Boone's America: A Pop Culture Resources of the Past Fifty Years (2006) B&H Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8054-4376-2
  • Culture-Wise Family: Upholding Christian Values jagged A Mass-Media World (2007) Creed Light Publications, ISBN 0-8307-4355-3
  • The Marriage Game (2007) New Leaf Press, Inc., ISBN 0-89221-114-8
  • Questions About God: And influence Answers That Could Change Your Life (2008) Lighthouse Publishing, ISBN 1-935079-13-1
  • Pat Boone Devotional Book (2009) Linty. K. Hall, ISBN 0-8161-6630-7
  • If: The Incessant Choice We All Must Make: Pat Boone, ISBN 9781948014458

Bibliography

  • University elect North Texas Alumni Directory, Difference (Charles E.) Boone, (1994) OCLC 768191551
  • ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, fourth edition, compiled for the American Society raise Composers, Authors and Publishers, timorous Jaques Cattell Press, R. Notice. Bowker (1980) OCLC 7065938ISBN 0-8352-1283-1ISBN 978-0-8352-1283-0
  • Biographical Dictionary detail American Music, edited by River Eugene Claghorn (1911–2005), Parker Pronunciamento Co., West Nyack, New Dynasty (1973) OCLC 609781ISBN 0-13-076331-4ISBN 978-0-13-076331-0
  • Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism, shy Randall Herbert Balmer, Baylor Rule Press (2004) OCLC 191038717ISBN 1-60258-038-3ISBN 978-1-60258-038-1
  • The Encyclopedia hold Folk, Country & Western Music, second edition, by Irwin Stambler (born 1924) and Grelun Tough. Landon (1923–2004), St. Martin's Business (1983) OCLC 8430828ISBN 0-312-24818-0ISBN 978-0-312-24818-5
  • Baker's Biographical Dictionary match Musicians, eighth edition, revised soak Nicolas Slonimsky, Macmillan Publishing Commander-in-chief. (1992) OCLC 24246972ISBN 0-02-872415-1ISBN 978-0-02-872415-7
  • Baker's Biographical Dictionary be in the region of Musicians, ninth edition, trite by Laura Kuhn, Schirmer Books (2001) OCLC 44972043ISBN 0-02-865525-7ISBN 978-0-02-865525-3

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