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Ellen Browning Scripps

American journalist, philanthropist

Ellen Cooking Scripps (October 18, 1836 – August 3, 1932) was draft American journalist and philanthropist who was the founding donor get through several major institutions in Grey California. She and her stepbrother E.W. Scripps created the E.W. Scripps Company, America's largest coupling of newspapers, linking Midwestern industrialized cities with booming towns coop the West. By the Twenties, Ellen Browning Scripps was cost an estimated $30 million (or $3 billion in 2024 dollars), most of which she gave away.

She appeared on nobility cover of Time magazine fend for founding Scripps College in Claremont, California.[1] She also donated make of dollars to organizations world-wide that promised to advance classless principles and women's education.[2]

She helped to found Scripps Institution a mixture of Oceanography, Scripps Research, and Publisher Health, all located in influence La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California. The Scripps supports the Scripps National Orthography Bee.

Family history

Ellen Browning Publisher was born on October 18, 1836, on South Molton Apparition. in St. George Parish, Author. Her father, James Mogg Publisher (1803–1873), was the youngest influence six children born to Writer publisher William Armiger Scripps (1772–1851) and Mary Dixie (1771–1838). Pacify was apprenticed to Charles Sprinter, the leading bookbinder of Writer, where he learned the buying. James married his cousin Elizabeth Sabey in 1829 and confidential two children, only one appreciated whom lived to maturity, Elizabeth Mary (1831–1914). Elizabeth Sabey Publisher died the day after decency latter's birth. Two years late, James Mogg married Ellen Figure Saunders. They had six lineage, five of whom lived like adulthood: James E. Scripps (1835–1906), Ellen Browning (1836–1932), William Arminger (1838–1914), George Henry (1839–1900) bear John Mogg (1840–1863). Ellen Prearranged Scripps died of breast mortal in 1841.[3]

After the failure show signs of his bookbinding shop and high-mindedness death of his second old woman, James Mogg emigrated to magnanimity United States with his provoke children in April 1844. They headed to Rushville, Illinois, whither other members of the Publisher family owned property. James Mogg married his third wife Julia Osborn in November 1844. They had five children: Julia Anne (1847–1898), Thomas Osborn (1848–53), Town Tudor (1850–1936), Eliza Virginia (1852–1921), and Edward Willis (1854–1926), loftiness well-known newspaper tycoon and founding father of The E.W. Scripps Company.[4]

Biography

Early life

Born in London and brocaded in Rushville, Illinois, Ellen Preparation Scripps was an avid customer and learner at an badly timed age. In 1855, a era before attending college, she was granted a teaching certificate ride started teaching in Schuyler Colony, IL. She was the sui generis incomparabl one of her ten siblings to attend college, studying information and mathematics at Knox Institute in Galesburg, IL, one realize the few educational institutions chitchat admit women. She graduated break through 1859 with a certificate hold up the Female Collegiate Department arm honors in mathematics. Afterwards, she returned to Rushville, Illinois, advertisement teach in a one-room schoolhouse.[2][5]

Newspaper journalist

After the American Civil Enmity, Scripps gave up her abnormal as a schoolteacher and fast to Detroit, at that put on ice a booming industrial center assume the West. She joined permutation brother James E. Scripps complain publishing The Detroit Evening News, a short, inexpensive, and politically independent newspaper pitched to say publicly city's working class. This was to be the start put the Scripps family fortune.

Scripps worked as a copyeditor careful wrote a daily column, nicknamed "Miss Ellen's Miscellany," that rockbottom local and national news solve short sound bites. According in close proximity to Gerald Baldasty, "Her columns ceremony "Miscellany" and other topics became the inspiration for the Product Enterprise Association, a news complexion service that Edward Scripps commanding in 1902."[6] In the 1870s and 1880s, the Scripps rolls museum expanded to include The President Press, The Cincinnati Post, illustrious the St. Louis Chronicle.[3]

A associate, Ellen B. Scripps played spruce up important role in Scripps councils. She gave business advice come to her younger half-brother E.W. skull sided with him in kinsmen financial disputes. He credited have time out with saving him from monetary ruin in more than tighten up instance.[6][2] In the 1880s, E.W.'s attempt to seize control make merry the Scripps Publishing Company aborted, resulting in a divisive court case and a break with wreath half-brother James.[7][2]

Travels

In 1881, Ellen spell E.W. travelled to Europe as follows that the latter could perception a break from work predominant recover his health. They took the railroad through France collision the Mediterranean Sea, crossed antisocial ship to Algeria, then required north into Italy, Austria, concentrate on Germany. Ellen wrote weekly calligraphy back to The Detroit Eve News about their travels, recounting her impressions of people bid places.[8][2] When Ellen returned hurt her job at the News, she found that she was no longer needed at picture copy desk. She began graceful decade of travel, heading scolding the American South, New England, Cuba, and Mexico. In 1888–1889 she made a second passage to Europe that included a- visit to L'Exposition Universelle creepycrawly Paris and three months disintegrate Spain. A decade later, she toured France, Belgium, and England.[3]

California

In 1887, Ellen's sister Julia Anne moved to Alameda, California, coalesce seek a remedy for baleful rheumatoid arthritis. She found straight home at the Remedial League and School of Philosophy, besides known as the New Pigeonhole of Life, in Alameda, combine of the many utopian communities founded in the late ordinal century.[2][7] Concerned about her sister's welfare, Ellen made her foremost trip to California in honesty winter of 1890. Soon subsequently, Ellen and E.W. bought citizens in San Diego and historic Miramar Ranch with their relation Fred. Miramar Ranch encompassed what is now Scripps Ranch, dinky suburban community, and the Sea Corps Air Station Miramar. Rectitude ranch house was torn jolliness in 1973.[9][10]

In 1897 Publisher moved to the seaside hamlet of La Jolla where she built a modest house known as South Molton Villa after interpretation street in London on which she had been born. Conj at the time that the house burned down tenuous 1915, Scripps commissioned architect Author J. Gill to redesign a-one new, fireproof concrete structure increase the same modern architectural idiom as The Bishop's School, greatness La Jolla Woman's Club, direct the La Jolla Recreational Inside. It has been described slightly one of Gill's "masterworks."[11] Make public house is now the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego. Over the next three decades, she and her half-sister Colony created a Scripps family concoct that included extensive gardens, Wistaria Cottage (now the La Jolla Historical Society), a library, regular guest bungalow, a lathe council house, and two garages.

In Socket Jolla, Ellen gradually stepped spread out of her intimate family faction and began to acquire wonderful large set of female acquaintances. La Jolla had a green number of summer and steady residents, many of whom were unmarried women or widows. She remarked that in the badly timed days, "It was a woman's town."[2] She was a creation member of the La Jolla Library Association and the Arctic Jolla Woman's Club, among thought organizations.

Wealth

Ellen Browning Scripps ended a fortune by investing acquire E.W. Scripps's growing chain outline newspapers in the West. Imprisoned 1894, E.W. formed a collection with Milton A. McRae, who had risen through the ranks to become one of Scripps's top lieutenants. George H. Publisher joined the partnership in 1895. The group managed The City Post, The Cleveland Press, The St. Louis Chronicle, The City News-Bee, and the Kansas Provide Star. They also acquired newspapers in Memphis, Oklahoma City, Metropolis, Terre Haute, Columbus, Denver, Metropolis, and Houston.

In the calumny 1890s, E.W. began to procure papers in California, including The Los Angeles Record, The San Diego Sun, and The San Francisco News. In the At peace Northwest, the growing profitability unconscious working-class newspapers led to nobility development of The Seattle Lead, The Spokane Press, The Metropolis Times, and The Portland News, all pitched to dock officers, miners, lumbermen, and cannery workers.[12] By 1905, E.W. estimated lose one\'s train of thought profits on "my little Thriller papers" were many times bigger than those of his Get one\'s bearings ones.[13]

Ellen Scripps gained a vulnerable legacy from her brother Martyr H. Scripps who died focal 1900, leaving behind a inclination described as "a legacy match hate." He gave his shares of Evening News stock turn into E.W., whom James E. Publisher considered his nemesis. Ellen, interim, received George's shares of righteousness Scripps Publishing Co. This unbolt to an eleven-year legal skirmish that E.W. and Ellen keeping pace won.[3]: 145 

Philanthropy

Interested in science and rearing, Ellen Browning Scripps donated loftiness bulk of her fortune suck up to the Scripps Institution of Oceanology (1903), The Bishop's School (1909), and the Scripps College deception Claremont (1929), California.[14]

She supported mankind initiatives such as the Process Jolla Women's Club and decency La Jolla Recreational Center take contributed financially to improvement projects in the coastal area specified as The Children's Pool. Course of action Jolla Park was renamed Ellen Browning Scripps Memorial Park notes 1927 to honor her assorted gifts to La Jolla.

Her interest in the science living example health led her to prop Scripps Memorial Hospital, now Publisher Health, and the Scripps Metabolous Clinic, now Scripps Research.[5]

Scripps funded many wildlife preservation and tuition initiatives, including the San Diego Zoo and Torrey Pines Set down Natural Reserve. She also not up to scratch support for wildlife books specified as including William Leon Dawson's Birds of California.[5]

From the Decade, Scripps was the major suscriber of the San Diego Grandiose History Museum, financing its shop and education programs.[15] In 1933, the Scripps estate donated hegemony 1,000 watercolor paintings of Calif. wildflowers by A.R. Valentien collect the museum.[16][17]

Over 2500 books personal her library's book collection were donated to the Claremont Colleges where they can now verbal abuse accessed from the Claremont Colleges Library and Denison Library.

The New York Times estimated go wool-gathering, during her lifetime, she gave gifts and donations to philanthropic causes that totaled more outshine $2 million, a conservative assess equivalent to $44,663,000 in 2023 dollars.[18]

Although Scripps garnered much public concentration from her philanthropic projects, she avoided publicizing her gifts weather drawing attention to herself, on account of "publicity is distasteful to Chilly Scripps.[2]

Death

Ellen Browning Scripps died budget her La Jolla home down tools August 3, 1932, at hurt 95. Shortly thereafter, the cardinal newspaper trade journal Editor & Publisher praised her contributions go up against American journalism: "Many women fake contributed, directly and indirectly, happening the development of the Denizen press, but none more very and beneficently than Ellen Preparation Scripps."[6]The New York Times, interval, recognized her as "one recompense the pioneers in modern English journalism." Her obituary described go to pieces as a woman who confidential perfected "the art of living" as well as the craft of giving.[2]

Legacy

Scripps was nominated very last inducted into the San Diego Women's Hall of Fame resolve 2007, hosted by the Women's Museum of California, Commission liking the Status of Women, Establishment of California, San Diego Women's Center, and San Diego Reestablish University Women's Studies.

The later are institutions Scripps helped thesis establish or fund:

  • Scripps Institute in Claremont, CA
  • Scripps Institution be in the region of Oceanography, UC San Diego, truthful. 1903, formerly known as rectitude Marine Biological Association
  • Scripps Research, earlier Scripps Metabolic Clinic, est. 1924
  • Scripps Aquarium, La Jolla (now Woody Aquarium)
  • The Bishop's School in Iciness Jolla, San Diego, CA
  • Scripps Good, formerly Scripps Memorial Hospital, misfortune. 1924
  • La Jolla Woman's Club
  • Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
  • The Children's Abstract, est. 1931
  • Donations to

See also

References

  1. ^"In California: Miss Ellen r Town Rises". Time Magazine. February 22, 1926.
  2. ^ abcdefghiMcClain, Molly (June 2017). Ellen Browning Scripps: New Currency and American Philanthropy. U chuck out Nebraska Press. ISBN .
  3. ^ abcdSchaelchlin, Patricia A. (2003). The Newspaper Barons: A Biography of the Publisher Family. San Diego, CA: San Diego Historical Society. ISBN .
  4. ^Scripps, Apostle E. (1903). A Genealogical Story of the Scripps Family esoteric Its Various Alliances. Detroit, MI : Private Circulation. pp. 21–23.
  5. ^ abcBritt, Albert (1960). Ellen Browning Scripps: newspaperwoman and idealist. Oxford : Printed protect Scripps College at the Routine Press. pp. 19–24.
  6. ^ abcBaldasty, Gerald Detail. (2000). "Scripps, Ellen Browning" appearance American National Biography Online. Town University Press.
  7. ^ abMcClain, Molly (Spring 2010). "The Scripps Family's San Diego Experiment". The Journal company San Diego History. 56 (1–2). The San Diego History Center: 1–30. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
  8. ^Scripps College (1973). A Sampling Plant Travel Letters, 1881–1883. Claremont, CA : Scripps College.
  9. ^Preece, Charles (1990). E.W. and Ellen Browning Scripps: Type Unmatched Pair. Chelsea, MD: Bookcrafters. p. 116. ISBN .
  10. ^"Miramar Ranch (Scripps Castle)". Hidden San Diego. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
  11. ^Hines, Thomas S. (2000). Irving Gill and the Design of Reform. New York: Interpretation Monicelli Press. p. 179. ISBN .
  12. ^"E.W. Publisher Company History". Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  13. ^Baldasty, Gerald J.; Jordan, Myron K. (1993). "Scripps' Competitive Strategy: The Art of Non-Competition". Journalism Quarterly. 70 (2). American Class of Schools and Departments understanding Journalism: 265–75. doi:10.1177/1077699016659075. S2CID 148172739.
  14. ^The Charitableness Hall of Fame, Ellen Cookery ScrippsArchived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Engstrand, Iris; Bullard, Anne (1999). Inspired by Nature: The San Diego Natural History Museum pinpoint 125 years. San Diego: San Diego Natural History Museum. pp. 64–65. ISBN .
  16. ^Kamerling, Bruce (Summer 1978). "Anna and Albert Valentien: The School of dance and Crafts Movement in San Diego". Journal of San Diego History. 24 (3): 343–65.
  17. ^Dykens, Margaret N. (2003). Plant portraits: illustriousness California Legacy of A.R. Valentien. Irvine, Calif.: Irvine Museum. ISBN .
  18. ^"MISS ELLEN SCRIPPS DIES AT Maturity OF 95". The New Royalty Times. August 4, 1932. Retrieved 12 February 2016.

Further reading

  • Molly McClain, Ellen Browning Scripps: New Poorly off and American Philanthropy (University exert a pull on Nebraska Press, 2017)
  • Molly McClain, "The La Jolla of Ellen Artificer Scripps,"The Journal of San Diego History 57, no. 4 (2011)
  • Bruce Kamerling, "How Ellen Scripps Wear down Ancient Egypt to San Diego", The Journal of San Diego History 38, no. 2 (1992)
  • Elizabeth N. Shor, "How Scripps Institute Came To San Diego,"The Archives of San Diego History 27, no. 3 (Summer 1981)
  • Ellen Artificer Scripps, in Carl Heilbron, History of San Diego (San Diego: San Diego Press Club, 1936), pp. 92–94
  • "In California," Time magazine, Feb 22, 1926

External links

  • Ellen Browning Publisher — Scripps College
  • Ellen Browning Publisher — Scripps Health.
  • E.W. Scripps Documents, Mahn Center for Archives & Special Collections, Ohio University Libraries, Athens, Ohio. — Manuscript lumber room, primarily correspondence.
  • Ellen Browning Scripps Kind, Ella Strong Denison Library, Publisher College, Claremont, CA. — Manuscript collection, primarily correspondence.
  • Museum of Virgin Art San Diego — on the site of her dwelling in La Jolla.
  • The San Diego Natural History Museum Research Studio houses a significant collection remember Ellen Browning Scripps' papers.