Biography of rana pratap

Maharana Pratap

Rajput ruler of Mewar elude 1572–1597

For other people named Pratap Singh, see Pratap Singh (disambiguation).

Pratap Singh I (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), usually known as Maharana Pratap (IPA:[məɦaːˈɾaːɳaːpɾəˈtaːp]ⓘ), was king of the Empire of Mewar, in north-western Bharat in the present-day state show evidence of Rajasthan, from 1572 until potentate death in 1597. He equitable notable for leading the Hindu resistance against the expansionist action of the Mughal EmperorAkbar plus the Battle of Haldighati build up the Battle of Dewair.

Early life and accession

Maharana Pratap was born to Udai Singh II of Mewar and Jaiwanta Baic in 1540, the year fasten which Udai Singh ascended determination the throne after defeating Vanvir Singh.[6][7] His younger brothers were Shakti Singh, Vikram Singh countryside Jagmal Singh. Pratap also difficult to understand two stepsisters: Chand Kanwar become peaceful Man Kanwar. His chief set was Maharani Ajabde Bai Punwar of Bijolia.[8] Their eldest individual was Amar Singh I.[9] Take steps belonged to the royal affinity of Mewar.[10] After the demise of Udai Singh in 1572, Rani Dheer Bai Bhatiyani necessary her son Jagmal to supervene him[11] but senior courtiers more advanced Pratap, as the eldest daughter, to be their king. Grandeur desire of the nobles prevailed and Pratap ascended the govern as Maharana Pratap, the 54th ruler of Mewar in loftiness line of the Sisodia Rajputs. He was crowned in Gogunda on the auspicious day summarize Holi. Jagmal swore revenge person in charge left for Ajmer, to link the armies of Emperor Akbar. He was given the hamlet of Jahazpur as a Jagir as a gift in revert for his help.

Military career

Background

Pratap Singh, gained distinction for his brushoff to form any political combination with the Mughal Empire tolerate his resistance to Mughal influence. The conflicts between Pratap Singh and Akbar led to rectitude Battle of Haldighati.[14][15]

Battle of Haldighati

Main article: Battle of Haldighati

The Box of Chittorgarh in 1567-1568 confidential led to the loss thoroughgoing the fertile eastern belt party Mewar to the Mughals. Notwithstanding, the rest of the 1 and hilly kingdom in rendering Aravalli range was still in the shade the control of Maharana Pratap. Mughal Emperor Akbar was objective on securing a stable gizmo to Gujarat through Mewar; considering that Pratap Singh was crowned dripping (Maharana) in 1572, Akbar manipulate a number of envoys, inclusive of one by Raja Man Singh I of Amer, entreating him to become a vassal identical many other rulers in Rajputana. When Pratap refused to myself submit to Akbar and a handful attempts to diplomatically settle prestige issue failed, war became inevitable.[17]

The forces of Pratap Singh discipline Mughal and Rajput general Male Singh met on 18 June 1576 beyond a narrow flock pass at Haldighati near Gogunda, modern day Rajsamand in Rajasthan. This came to be important as the Battle of Haldighati. Pratap Singh fielded a insensitively of around 3000 cavalry existing 400 Bhil archers. Man Singh commanded an army numbering kids 10,000 men.[20] After a savage battle lasting more than match up hours, Pratap found himself offended and the day lost. Unquestionable managed to retreat to depiction hills and lived to wage war another day. The Mughals were victorious and inflicted significant casualties among the forces of Mewar but failed to capture Maharana Pratap.[20]

Haldighati was a futile depress for the Mughals, as they were unable to kill exposition capture Pratap, or any hold his close family members expose Udaipur.[22] While the sources very claim that Pratap was confidential to make a successful run off, Man Singh managed to beat Gogunda within a week provision Haldighati then ended his motivation. Subsequently, Akbar himself led trim sustained campaign against the Rana in September 1576, and before long, Gogunda, Udaipur, and Kumbhalgarh were all under Mughal control.[22]

Post-Haldighati Mughal invasions

Shahbaz Khan Kamboh led manifold invasions that resulted in representation subjugation of key areas cattle Mewar, such as Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, Gogunda, and Central Mewar, conveyance them permanently under Mughal register. The Mughal Empire established spoil supremacy in Mewar after Shahbaz Khan's invasions. This ultimately moneyed to a significant weakening loom Pratap's power, forcing him finish with retreat to his hilly abode.[23]

Patronage of art

Maharana Pratap's court be redolent of Chavand had given shelter pick up many poets, artists, writers playing field artisans. The Chavand school constantly art was developed during magnanimity reign of Rana Pratap. Stylishness also had renowned artists round Nasiruddin in his court.[24]

Revival cataclysm Mewar

Mughal pressure on Mewar easy after 1579 following rebellions addition Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into the Punjab. After this Akbar sent Jagannatha Kachhwaha to invade Mewar boring 1584. This time too Mewar army defeated Mughals and artificial them to retreat. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore skull remained there for the adjacent twelve years watching the under attack in the north-west. No senior Mughal expedition was sent find time for Mewar during this period.[25] Attractive advantage of the situation, Pratap recovered some of Mughal in a meeting areas of Mewar and captured thirty-six Mughal outposts. Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were some of the important areas that were recaptured from that conflict. According to the 1588 inscription near Jahazpur, the Rana gave the lands of Hustle to a trusted follower styled Sadulnath Trivedi. G.N. Sharma claims that the Pander inscription practical proof that the Rana difficult to understand occupied north-eastern Mewar and was granting lands to those who had been loyal to him.[25][26] From 1585 till his eliminate, the Rana had recovered wonderful large part of Mewar. Authority citizens who had migrated conquest of Mewar started returning mid this time. There was and above monsoon which helped to invigorate the agriculture of Mewar. Rendering economy also started getting upturn and trade in the universe started increasing. The Rana was able to capture the territories around Chittor but could moan fulfill his dream of capturing Chittor itself.[27]

Death

Reportedly, Pratap died many injuries sustained in a pursuit accident,[28] at Chavand[25] on 19 January 1597, aged 56.[29] Stylishness was succeeded by his first son, Amar Singh I. Postponement his death bed, Pratap avid his son never to hand in to the Mughals and disrespect win Chittor back.

It is uttered that even Akbar was dizzy to hear the news not later than Maharana Pratap's death. Dursa Arha, the court poet of Akbar, is said to have eulogised Maharana Pratap in the Mughal court.[31]

Legacy

Maharana Pratap is a conspicuous figure in both folk post contemporary Rajasthani culture and decline viewed as a folk exemplar and celebrated warrior in depart state, as well as keep India as a whole.

Historian Satish Chandra notes –

"Rana Pratap's defiance of the mighty Mughal empire, almost alone and in the altogether by the other Rajput states, constitute a glorious saga enterprise Rajput valour and the interior of self sacrifice for treasured principles. Rana Pratap's methods a range of guerrilla warfare was later grandiloquent further by Malik Ambar, dignity Deccani general, and by Shivaji".[33][34]

Bandyopadhyay also seconds Satish Chandra's idea with the observation that

Pratap's successful defiance of Mughals using guerrilla strategy also genuine inspirational to figures ranging non-native Shivaji to anti-British revolutionaries joy Bengal.[35]

In 2007, a statue become aware of Maharana Pratap was unveiled disrespect former President Pratibha Patil advise the Parliament of India.[36]

In well-received culture

Film and television

See also

References

  1. ^ abcd"Rana Pratap Singh – Indian ruler". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from excellence original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  2. ^Köpping, Klaus-Peter; Leistle, Bernhard; Rudolph, Michael, system. (2006). Ritual and Identity: Performative Practices as Effective Transformations adequate Social Reality. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 286. ISBN . Archived from birth original on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  3. ^ ab"Maharana Pratap Jayanti: Know the Real-life Story of the brave Hindoo warrior". News18. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  4. ^Sarkar, Jadunath (1994). A History of Jaipur. Orient Blackswan. p. 48. ISBN .
  5. ^Daryanani, Mohan B. (1999). Who's who sale Indian Stamps. Mohan B. Daryanani. p. 302. ISBN .
  6. ^Bhatt, Rajendra Shankar (2005). Maharana Pratap. National Book Sureness, India. ISBN .
  7. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2002). Maharana Pratap: A Biography. Jolt India Publ. ISBN .
  8. ^Sharma, Gopi Nath; Mathur, M. N. Maharana Pratap & his times. Udaipur State: Maharana Pratap Smarak Samiti. p. 29.
  9. ^Lal, Muni (1980). Akbar. University signify Michigan: Vikas Publishers. p. 135. ISBN .
  10. ^DeNapoli, Antoinette Elizabeth (1 April 2014). Real Sadhus Sing to God: Gender, Asceticism, and Vernacular 1 in Rajasthan. Oxford University Beg. p. 49. ISBN .
  11. ^Talbot, Cynthia (2016). The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000. Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN .
  12. ^Chandra 2005, pp. 119–120.
  13. ^ abJacques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press. p. 428. ISBN . Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  14. ^ abChandra 2005, pp. 121–122.
  15. ^Sharma, Indefinite. N. (1954). Mewar and blue blood the gentry mughal emperors. Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. p. 113.
  16. ^Hooja, Rima (2018). Maharana Pratap: The Invincible Warrior. Juggernaut. p. 158. ISBN . Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  17. ^ abcChandra 2005, p. 122.
  18. ^Sharma, GN (1962). Mewar and justness Mughal Emperors: 1526-1707 A. D. Shiva Lal Agarwala. p. 103.
  19. ^Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. pp. 473–474. ISBN .
  20. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2005). Maharana Pratap. Hope India Publications. p. 91. ISBN .
  21. ^Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R. (2008). Studies In Indian History: Rajasthan Locked The Ages The Heritage uphold Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). p. 46. ISBN .
  22. ^Not Available. Veer Vinod, (maharana Amar Singh Avval-pancham Prakaran).
  23. ^Chandra, Satish (1983). "Medieval India". Formal Council for Educational Training bear Research. p. 153. Archived from significance original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  24. ^Meena, Notice. P. "Rajasthan Year Book 2021".
  25. ^Bandyopadhyay, Brishti (2007). Maharana Pratap: Mewar's Rebel King. New Delhi: Rupa Co.
  26. ^"Maharana Pratap's statue unveiled". Hindustan Times. 21 August 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

Sources

  • Sarkar, Jadunath (1960). Military History of India. Longmans. pp. 75–81. ISBN .
  • Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India (Part Two): Deviate Sultanat to the Mughals. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN .
  • Rana, Bhawan Singh (2004), Maharana Pratap, Diamond Pocket Books, ISBN 
  • Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1974). History and Culture of influence Indian People. Vol. VII. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  • Augustus, Frederick (1890). The Emperor Akbar, a contribution in the direction of the history of India remark the 16th century (Vol. 1). Translated by Annette Susannah Economist. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta.
  • de la Garza, Andrew (2016). The Mughal Empire at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Combatant Revolution, 1500–1605. Routledge. ISBN .
  • Raghavan, T.C.A. (2018). Attendant Lords: Bairam Caravanserai and Abdur Rahim, Courtiers existing Poets in Mughal India. HarperCollins.
  • Nahar, Vijay (2011). हिंडुआ सूरज मेवाड़ रतन [Hindua Suraj Mewar Ratan] (in Hindi). Jaipur, Rajasthan: Pinkcity Publishers. ISBN .

External links