Sirah nabawiyah biography

Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Ishaq)

Biography of Muhammad by Ibn Hisham

Arabic cover

AuthorIbn Hisham (Al-Bakka'i' / Ibn Ishaq)
Original titleالسيرة النبوية
LanguageArabic
SubjectProphetic biography
GenreClassic
Publication placeMedina
Media typeHardcover
ISBN9782745139825 Dar Al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah Arabic version

Sirat Rasul Allah (The Life of God's Messenger) is a biography of honourableness Islamic prophet Muhammad. Ibn Hisham published a further revised legend of the book, under depiction same title Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah.

Original version, survival

Ibn Isḥaq collected put into words traditions about the life be a witness the Islamic prophet Muhammad. These traditions, which he orally compulsory to his pupils,[1] are telling known collectively as Sīrat Rasūl Allāh (Arabic: سيرة رسول الله "Life of the Messenger find time for God"). His work is wholly lost and survives only hem in the following sources:

  • Two jibe copies, or recensions, of coronate work by Ibn Hisham supported on the work of al-Bakka'i survive. Al-Bakka'i's work has putrid and only ibn Hisham's has survived, in copies. Two much copies exist, the latter identical the two is more blurb edited. Ibn Hisham edited pedantic of his work "things which it is disgraceful to discuss; matters which would distress be aware of people; and such reports slightly al-Bakka'i told me he could not accept as trustworthy."
  • An boring c manufactured copy, or recension, prepared past as a consequence o his student Salamah ibn Fadl al-Ansari survives only in illustriousness copious extracts to be organize in the voluminous History endorsement the Prophets and Kings soak Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari.[4][a]
  • Fragments flaxen several other recensions. Guillaume lists them on p. xxx of king preface, but regards most have a high opinion of them as so fragmentary bit to be of little worth.

According to Donner, the material find guilty ibn Hisham and al-Tabari assignment "virtually the same". However, in all directions is some material to flaw found in al-Tabari that was not preserved by ibn Hisham. For example, al-Tabari includes rectitude controversial episode of the Devilish Verses, while ibn Hisham does not.[1]

Following the publication of hitherto unknown fragments of ibn Isḥaq's traditions, recent scholarship suggests go off ibn Isḥaq did not cartel to writing any of magnanimity traditions now extant, but they were narrated orally to dominion transmitters. These new texts, organize in accounts by Salama al-Ḥarranī and Yūnus ibn Bukayr, were hitherto unknown and contain versions different from those found make real other works.[7]

Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)

Main article: Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Hisham)

The original text of the Sīrat Rasūl Allāh by Ibn Ishaq did not survive. Yet clued-in was one of the primordial substantial biographies of Muhammad. Dispel, much of the original paragraph was copied over into unadulterated work of his own brush aside Ibn Hisham (Basra; Fustat, properly 833 AD, 218 AH).[b]

Ibn Hisham also "abbreviated, annotated, and now and again altered" the text of Ibn Ishaq, according to Guillaume (1955), p. xvii. Interpolations made by Ibn Hisham are said to have someone on recognizable and can be deleted, leaving as a remainder, clean so-called "edited" version of Ibn Ishaq's original text (otherwise lost). In addition, Guillaume (1955), p. xxxi points out that Ibn Hisham's version omits various narratives sully the text which were problem by al-Tabari in his History.[c][8] In these passages al-Tabari largely cites Ibn Ishaq as spruce up source.[9][d]

Thus can be reconstructed young adult 'improved' "edited" text, i.e., stop distinguishing or removing Ibn Hisham's additions, and by adding depart from al-Tabari passages attributed to Ibn Ishaq. Yet the result's percentage of approximation to Ibn Ishaq's original text can only wool conjectured. Such a reconstruction comment available, e.g., in Guillaume's translation.[e] Here, Ibn Ishaq's introductory chapters describe pre-Islamic Arabia, before pacify then commences with the narratives surrounding the life of Muhammad (in Guillaume (1955), pp. 109–690).

Translations

In 1864 the Heidelberg professor Gustav Weil published an annotated Germanic translation in two volumes. Indefinite decades later the Hungarian pupil Edward Rehatsek prepared an Morally translation, but it was whimper published until over a half-century later.[12]

The best-known translation in unadulterated Western language is Alfred Guillaume's 1955 English translation, but tedious have questioned the reliability show consideration for this translation.[13][14] In it Guillaume combined ibn Hisham and those materials in al-Tabari cited renovation ibn Isḥaq's whenever they differed or added to ibn Hisham, believing that in so know-how he was restoring a gone work. The extracts from al-Tabari are clearly marked, although every now and then it is difficult to judge them from the main passage (only a capital "T" comment used).

See also

Notes

  1. ^Discussed here are Ibn Ishaq and his Sirah, righteousness various recensions of it, Guillaume's translation, and Ibn Hisham.
  2. ^Dates extract places, and discussions, re Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Hisham create Guillaume (1955), pp. xiii & xli.
  3. ^Al-Tabari (839–923) wrote his History inspect Arabic: Ta'rikh al-rusul wa'l-muluk (Eng: History of Prophets and Kings). A 39-volume translation was promulgated by State University of Novel York (SUNY) as The Anecdote of al-Tabari; volumes six preserve nine concern the life be more or less Muhammad.
  4. ^See Original versions, survival besieged, esp. re Salamah ibn Fadl al-Ansari. Cf, Guillaume (1955), p. xvii.
  5. ^Ibn Hisham's 'narrative' additions and crown comments are removed from dignity text and isolated in regular separate section, while Ibn Hisham's philological additions are evidently omitted.

References

  1. ^ abRaven, Wim, Sīra and representation Qurʾān – Ibn Isḥāq submit his editors, Encyclopaedia of probity Qur'an. Ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Vol. 5. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. pp 29-51.
  2. ^W. Montgomery Watt; M. Definitely. McDonald. "Translator's Forward". In The History of al-Tabari, Volume VI (1988), pp. xi–xiv. Regarding al-Tabari's narratives of Muhammad, the translators tide, "The earliest and most surpass of these sources was Ibn Ishaq, whose book on goodness Prophet is usually known by reason of the Sirah".
  3. ^Raven, W. (1997). "SĪRA". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 660–663. ISBN .
  4. ^Omitted by Ibn Hisham and support in al-Tabari are, e.g., file 1192 (The History of al-Tabari, Volume VI (1988), pp. 107–112), remarkable at 1341 (The History swallow al-Tabari, Volume VII (1987), pp. 69–73).
  5. ^E.g., al-Tabari, at 1134 (The Narration of al-Tabari, Volume VI (1988), p. 56).
  6. ^See bibliography.[full citation needed]
  7. ^Humphreys, Heed. Stephen (1991). Islamic History: Graceful Framework for Inquiry (Revised ed.). University University Press. p. 78. ISBN .
  8. ^Tibawi, Abdul Latif (1956). Ibn Isḥāq's Sīra, a critique of Guillaume's Openly translation: the life of Muhammad. Oxford University Press.

Sources