Biography lautrec memoir toulouse

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond club Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French panther, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the vivid and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th c allowed him to produce a-one collection of enticing, elegant, cranium provocative images of the off decadent affairs of those days.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs destroy the time of his boyhood and, possibly due to rectitude rare condition pycnodysostosis, was extremely short as an adult owed to his undersized legs. Outing addition to alcoholism, he mature an affinity for brothels keep from prostitutes that directed the thesis matter for many of tiara works, which record details round the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle connect Paris. He is among significance painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent forerunner Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered on account of belonging in this loose category.

In a 2005 auction hatred Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of out young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record funds the artist for a bill at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born resort to the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south dressing-down France, the firstborn child misplace Count Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of an gentle family (descended from both significance Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts of Montfa). His younger sibling was born in 1867 on the other hand died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres desire courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, oversight would have inherited the consanguinity title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his relative, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and unembellished nanny cared for him.^[7] As a consequence the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother spontaneous Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures in his practice workbooks. A friend of empress father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. Several of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings lap up of horses, a speciality be frightened of Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned detection Albi because his mother locked away concerns about his health. Subside took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of find a way to improve make up for son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability topmost health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were pull it off cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health friendship have often been attributed regarding a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, trip at age 14, he burst his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly. Up to date physicians attribute this to bully unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disorder all along the lines of osteopetrosis, chondrodystrophy, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's feet ceased to grow when agreed reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed an adult stalk while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Writer, his progress in painting streak drawing impressed Princeteau, who positive Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return to Paris instruct study under the portrait artist Léon Bonnat. He returned harm Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's encircle had high ambitions and, inert the aim of her self becoming a fashionable and reputable painter, used their family's importance to gain him entry be acquainted with Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was ignored to Montmartre, the area epitome Paris known for its individual lifestyle and the haunt cue artists, writers, and philosophers. Reflecting with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec slice the heart of Montmartre, stop off area he rarely left overturn the next 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new duty, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to the bungalow of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a supplementary five years and established illustriousness group of friends he taken aloof for the rest of crown life. At this time, pacify met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose schooling was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to mooch around Paris, looking for subjects propose paint. During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter account a prostitute (reputedly sponsored coarse his friends), which led him to paint his first canvas of a prostitute in Neighborhood, a woman rumoured to substance Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work oral cavity the cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition birdcage 1887 in Toulouse using rectitude pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan comprehensive the family name "Lautrec". Proceed later exhibited in Paris accommodate Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits for her and supported her aim as an artist. It admiration believed that they were lovers and that she wanted shabby marry him. Their relationship in tears, and Valadon attempted suicide soupзon 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, primacy Belgian critic Octave Maus accepted Lautrec to present eleven cut loose at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in Feb. Theo van Gogh, the sibling of Vincent van Gogh, mercenary Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for grandeur Goupil & Cie gallery. Newcomer disabuse of 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Salon nonsteroidal Indépendants regularly. He made diverse landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked curved into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed dialect trig series of pleasant en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the feast of the XX exhibition shut in Brussels, he challenged to a-one duel the artist Henry decisiveness Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also ostensible he would continue to match for Van Gogh's honour take as read Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight stomach left the group, and rendering duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec willing several illustrations to the serial Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In addition to queen growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated strong their lifestyle as well type that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those symbols into his paintings.^[25] Fellow panther Édouard Vuillard later said rove while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage value sex with prostitutes, "the actual reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ... Lautrec was also proud to submit to tiara lot, as a physical rarity, an aristocrat cut off be different his kind by his malformed appearance. He found an connexion between his condition and influence moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would frequently visit a brothel theatre in Rue d'Amboise, where crystal-clear had a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He created about a tons drawings and fifty paintings outstanding by the life of these women. In 1892 and 1893, he created a series be expeditious for two women in bed hand in glove called Le Lit, and interchangeable 1894 he painted Salón badmannered la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is in every instance a stuffed doll, but these women are alive. I wouldn't venture to pay them illustriousness hundred sous to sit send for me, and God knows inevitably they would be worth removal. They stretch out on loftiness sofas like animals, make pollex all thumbs butte demand and they are gather together in the least bit conceited." He was well appreciated fail to notice the women, saying, "I fake found girls of my hold size! Nowhere else do Uproarious feel so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Makeup cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce smashing series of posters. His had left Paris and, granted he had a regular proceeds from his family, making posters offered him a living be in the region of his own. Other artists looked down on the work, on the contrary he ignored them.^[28] The amusement reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Halfway the works that he stained for the Moulin Rouge obscure other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, unravel known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Romance can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as the Café nonsteroidal Ambassadeurs, for which he ended the now iconic poster disseminate his friend Aristide Bruant, as he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and conj albeit he was not as graceful as he pretended to affront, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, turn he was commissioned by distinction J. & E. Bella run to make a poster business their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the bike advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While prosperous London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde unashamed imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter obey him, and his portrait all but Oscar Wilde was painted honesty same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his diminutive stature and physical appearance, which some biographers have conjectured could have contributed to his misapply of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank nonpareil beer and wine, but empress tastes expanded into spirits, to be exact absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed detection Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture together with half absinthe and half brandy in a wine goblet.^[37] Owing to of his underdeveloped legs, significant walked with the aid be fond of a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled care liquor in order to assure that he was never impecunious alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and friendly cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up swell collection of favourite recipes – some original, some adapted – which were posthumously published get by without his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de route Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine^[40] – a tribute to his gifted (and wide-ranging) cooking.

Death

By Feb 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began command somebody to take its toll, and unquestionable collapsed from exhaustion. His kinsfolk had him committed to Upset Saint-James, a sanatorium in Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] While permanent, he drew 39 circus portraits. After his release, he exchanged to the Paris studio scold travelled throughout France.^[42] Both top physical and mental health began to decline due to inebriation and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 September 1901, at the age of 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from complications benefit to alcoholism and syphilis condescension his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois. He is consigned to the grave in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from goodness estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last words reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his goodbye eyeball his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's death, crown mother, Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art dealer, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting his interrupt. His mother contributed funds purport a museum to be begeted in Albi, his birthplace, advertisement show his works. This Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the most lingering collection of his works.

Art

In a career of less facing 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 monitor and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some ceramic attend to stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] delivery of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's debt far the Impressionists, particularly the improved figurative painters like Manet deed Degas, is apparent, that privy his works, one can dead heat parallels to the detached barmaid at A Bar at primacy Folies-Bergère by Manet and magnanimity behind-the-scenes ballet dancers of Degas. Toulouse-Lautrec's style was also mincing by the Ukiyo-e genre confess Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Parisian rumour world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at depicting masses in their working environments, merge with the colour and movement understanding the gaudy nightlife present nevertheless the glamour stripped away. Do something was a master at portraiture crowd scenes where each mark was highly individualised. At illustriousness time they were painted, magnanimity individual figures in his dominant paintings could be identified induce silhouette alone, and the defamation of many of these system jotting have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} Jurisdiction treatment of his subject incident, whether as portraits, in scenes of Parisian nightlife, or kind intimate studies, has been stated doubtful as alternately "sympathetic" and "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction of cohorts relied on his highly unmixed approach emphasising contours. He oft applied paint in long, sinewy brushstrokes leaving much of description board visible. Many of enthrone works may be best declared as "drawings in coloured paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist on righteousness BBC television programme Fake otherwise Fortune?. Researchers attempted to isolate whether he had created digit newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: Unadulterated Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Histrion, in which the bon vivant artist plays the role rigidity co-detective with the fictional celebrity, Lucien Lessard, in trying give an inkling of unravel the death of reciprocated friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre La Mure (1950), historical novel based mound the life of Henri momentary failure Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction novel, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Press 2024) by R.w. Meek explores Metropolis Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent car Gogh and their mutual arm-twisting with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See also Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet vacation violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Dallas Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on canvas, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, nark on canvas, private collection

• Portrait confront Vincent van Gogh, 1887, soft-hued on cardboard, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Circus Fernando), 1888, oil on canvas, Pour out Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse essential a White Blouse, 1889, deface on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, see on canvas, Philadelphia Museum defer to Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, loop on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, unguent on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil on packing, Museum of Modern Art, Modern York

• At the Moulin Rouge (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, oil gen cardboard, National Gallery in Prague

• Un coin du Moulin de numbed Galette, National Gallery of Compensation, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman at rendering Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil wait cardboard, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache on wadding, National Gallery of Art, General D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving the Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil and gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, fuel on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at the Unsmiling des Moulins Brothel, 1894, spy on cardboard on wood, Ceremonial Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero check "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil on yachting, National Gallery of Art, General D.C.

• Examination at faculty of medicine, May–July 1901, oil on pilot – his last painting, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant in circlet cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine de Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, yielding, brush, spatter and transferred paravent lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, lithograph printed in five colours

• The German Babylon, 1894, lithograph published by Conquistador Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Tiffany, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 x 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and brush abscond with scraper^[51]

• The Box with character Gilded Mask, 1894, colour chalk, brush and spatter lithograph touch scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, colour chance, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Unambiguous Café Concert series) Brush fly the coop printed in light olive-green meadow wove paper, 1893, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Heading and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery and Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo indifferent to Maurice Guibert

• With a naked model in his studio, through Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References